Overview & Definition (परिचय तथा परिभाषा)

Digital citizenship refers to the norms, responsibilities, and rights of individuals when they engage with digital technologies, especially the internet and social media. In Nepal’s rapidly growing digital landscape, students, exam candidates, and computer operators must understand how to protect personal data, interact respectfully, and contribute positively to online communities.

Core Concepts (मुख्य अवधारणाहरू)

1. Privacy Settings

Privacy settings control who can see your profile, posts, and personal information. Proper configuration reduces the risk of identity theft, unwanted contact, and data misuse.

• Profile Visibility: Choose between public, friends‑only, or private.
• Location Sharing: Turn off GPS tagging unless necessary.
• Data Permissions: Review app permissions regularly.

2. Recognizing Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying includes harassment, threats, or humiliation delivered through digital channels. Early detection helps protect mental health and promotes a safe learning environment.

• Signs: Repeated hostile messages, exclusion from group chats, or spreading false rumors.
• Response: Document evidence, report to platform, and inform trusted adults or school authorities.

3. Responsible Sharing Practices

Sharing content responsibly means verifying authenticity, respecting copyright, and considering the impact on others.

• Fact‑Check: Use reliable sources before reposting news.
• Copyright: Credit original creators or use public‑domain material.
• Impact Awareness: Avoid sharing hate speech, defamation, or graphic violence.

Key Points / Rules / Functions

• Always use strong, unique passwords and enable two‑factor authentication.
• Regularly update privacy settings on all social platforms.
• Never share personal identifiers such as NRIC, home address, or bank details online.
• Report abusive content promptly; platforms have built‑in tools for this.
• Maintain a digital footprint that reflects your real‑world values and goals.

Comparison Table

Practical Application / Real‑World Relevance

In Nepali schools and colleges, teachers often create class groups on platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, or Discord. Applying the concepts above ensures that:

1. Students protect their academic records and personal data from unauthorized access.
2. Teachers can quickly identify and intervene in cyberbullying incidents.
3. Educational content shared within the group respects copyright and remains factual.

For computer operator trainees, mastering privacy configurations and reporting mechanisms is a core competency required by many employers, especially in banking and government offices where data security is paramount.

Quick Review Questions & Answers (अभ्यासका लागि प्रश्नोत्तर)

1. Q: Which of the following is NOT a recommended privacy practice?
   A) Using the same password for all accounts
   B) Enabling two‑factor authentication
   C) Setting profile visibility to "Friends‑Only"
   Answer: A
2. Q: What is the first step when you suspect cyberbullying?
   A) Delete the offending message
   B) Document the evidence and report it
   C) Confront the bully publicly
   Answer: B
3. Q: Before sharing a news article, you should:
   A) Check the source’s credibility
   B) Share it immediately to be first
   C) Add sensational headlines for clicks
   Answer: A
4. Q: Which setting helps limit unwanted comments on a post?
   A) Turning off location tagging
   B) Switching the post to "Friends‑Only" and enabling comment moderation
   C) Using a public profile
   Answer: B

Remember: Your digital actions today shape your future opportunities. Practice safe, respectful, and responsible online behavior.